Conduit connector and methods for making and using the same

ABSTRACT

In one embodiment, the conduit connector can comprise: a body comprising a hollow center capable of receiving a conduit in a receiving end, wherein the hollow center extends from the receiving end to the connecting end; a spring disposed within the hollow center and extending out of the connecting end, wherein the spring comprises engagement tangs extending into the hollow center, toward the connection end, and spring tangs extending past the connection end and spaced apart a distance greater than or equal to an opening diameter in a junction box; and an antishort bush located in the connecting end of the body, retaining the spring in the body.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Ser. No. 61/530,190, filed Sep. 1, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The instant application relates to adapters for connecting conduits to enclosures, e.g., conduit connectors for connecting electrical conduit to junction boxes, outlet boxes, or other enclosures.

BACKGROUND

The most common use for electrical conduit connectors is to facilitate the connection of a conduit or cable to a junction box. The junction box can be a variety of electrical enclosures such as an outlet box, transformer enclosure, circuit panel, lighting fixture. The list is nearly endless. Similarly, the conduit can be rigid or flexible, or could be a hose, other tubing capable of routing electrical wire, or cable. Cable can be non-metallic sheathed cable, portable cord, or a variety of other types of electrical conductors. The instant application is equally successful in connecting a plurality of types of conduits, cables, and other electrical conductors to a wide variety of boxes and other enclosures. Therefore, as used in this specification, the term conduit is not limited to standard rigid electrical conduit, but shall be intended to mean any type of conduit, any type of cable, or any other type of electrical conductor. Many commercial and residential buildings have electrical installations with many types of conduit-to-junction-box connections that utilize electrical connectors.

The two most common types of electrical connectors used are a snap-in connector, and a multipart connector which can be composed of two or more components that utilizes a threaded male end in conjunction with a threaded female locknut, hereinafter referred to collectively as a two-part locknut connector. In the case of the two-part locknut connector, the male threaded end is inserted into the junction box through a knockout (e.g., a hole or other opening). A rigid connection is established by threading the locknut onto the male end in the junction box interior. The snap-in connector is another commonly used connector, which utilizes a snap ring to quickly connect it to the junction box. Either type of connector is integrated with an adapter end, which allows the attachment of conduit, cable, or a variety of types of hollow tubing.

The installation of electrical systems is generally expensive as an electrician must first install the enclosures, route conduit between each enclosure, and install connectors, and then pull all necessary electrical wiring through the conduit. In other words, installation is expensive because it is labor intensive. The commercially available electrical connectors are one factor accentuating the labor intensiveness. Locknut connectors increase the cost of installing electrical systems for a number of reasons. The current art two-part locknut connectors are plagued with labor intensive problems. First, the locknut connectors are shipped from the manufacturer preassembled. That is, the electrician must first remove the locknut from the male end before it can be installed. Once the male end of the connector is placed through the knockout, the electrician must rethread the locknut onto the connector from the interior of the junction box.

Two hands are required to disassemble and then reassemble the connectors in the knockout. Consequently, it is difficult to hold a tool or a piece of conduit while reassembling the connector. Once the locknut is threaded it must be tightened. In accordance with many building codes and safety regulations, connectors must be firmly and reliably attached to junction boxes. To properly tighten the two-part locknut connector, the electrician must use a tool, usually a set of pliers or a screwdriver. Occasionally, when the proper tool is unavailable, an electrician will use any object within reach. These situations, while rare, raise serious safety issues. In many instances, however, to “get the job done” the locknut is “finger” tightened. Those persons skilled in the art know that finger tightened two-part locknut connectors can eventually loosen, and a loose connector can cause great strain to be put onto the electrical wires and their connections, resulting in an increase in the probability of an electrical fire or other electrical problems, such as poor grounding.

Secondly, when the electrician disassembles the fitting by taking the locknut off the connector, the locknut can be dropped or misplaced. This can occur when the electrician is in an elevated position, such as, on a scissor lift or on scaffolding because the electrical conduit is often installed in out-of-the-way places like in rafters and above ceilings. If the locknut cannot be found, the connector is useless. If the electrician decides to retrieve the dropped locknut, the installation time is prolonged.

A third common problem with the present locknut connectors is the locknut is easily cross threaded onto the male thread. When this occurs, the electrician must usually use a tool to remove the locknut. On occasion, cross threading the locknut will damage the male threads on the connector making it difficult or impossible to reuse the connector. Again, the electrician must spend their time either removing the defective connector or forcing the locknut through the damaged portion of the threads.

A fourth problem with the present two-part locknut connectors is the distance the male end protrudes into the junction box. In some installations, the space inside the enclosure is already minimal. The space limitation becomes an acute problem when an additional connector is installed. The male threaded end protrudes well past the depth of the locknut and may interfere with another connector, the contents of the enclosure, or wiring inside the box. Therefore, in a limited space enclosure, the excess thread must be removed. Typically, the electrician may clip off some of the receptacle or mounting screws, or complete a combination of space enlarging modifications, all of which prolong installation time and threaten the integrity of the system as designed. A fifth common problem with the present two-part locknut connectors occurs during disassembly of the connector from the enclosure. Electricians may disassemble an installation for a variety of reasons. The disassembly of the locknut connector is more time consuming than the installation. If the locknut was installed properly, that is, by tightening it with a tool, then the locknut must be removed with a tool. Similar to the installation, if the threads are damaged during disassembly, the connector is useless. Also similar to the installation problems, if the locknut is lost, it must be replaced if the connector is to be used again. The snap-in connector presents similar problems. However, the most significant problem is that these connectors, in most cases, do not create a rigid connection. Because the snap ring is sized to accept a variety of box wall thickness, it does not rigidly attach to many boxes. The loose fit may cause electrical continuity problems, a highly dangerous situation, since the box, the conduit, and the connector are intended to be part of the electrical grounding system in some applications.

There remains an unfulfilled need to provide a generally universal connector that is easy to use; e.g., which can be installed quickly and easily without tools, does not require access to the interior of the junction box, and/or can be easily removed and reused in the box.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Disclosed herein are conduit connectors and methods for making and using the same.

In one embodiment, the conduit connector can comprise: a body comprising a hollow center capable of receiving a conduit in a receiving end, wherein the hollow center extends from the receiving end to the connecting end; a spring disposed within the hollow center and extending out of the connecting end, wherein the spring comprises engagement tangs extending into the hollow center, toward the connection end, and spring tangs extending past the connection end and spaced apart a distance greater than or equal to an opening diameter in a junction box; and an antishort bush located in the connecting end of the body, retaining the spring in the body.

A method of using the conduit connector can comprise inserting a conduit into the channel so that the engagement tangs physically contact grooves along the outer surface of the conduit; and inserting the spring tangs into an opening (e.g., in a junction box), until the side lugs engage the inner surface of the box.

These and other features of the conduit connector and method will be understood from the drawings and description below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Refer now to the figures, which are merely exemplary, not limiting, and wherein like elements are numbered alike, and are not necessarily re-described in relation to each figure.

FIG. 1 is an exploded, disassembled, prospective view of an embodiment of a conduit connector, conduit, and junction box.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the conduit connector of FIG. 1 connecting a conduit to a junction box taken along lines 2-2 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the conduit connector of FIG. 1 connecting a conduit to a junction box.

FIG. 4 is an exploded (disassembled) perspective view of an embodiment of the conduit connector elements.

FIG. 5 is an exploded (disassembled) cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the conduit connector elements of FIG. 4 taken along lines 5-5.

FIG. 6 is an assembled, perspective view of the embodiment of the conduit connector elements of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a spring for the conduit connector.

FIG. 8 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the spring of FIG. 7 taken along lines 9-9.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a spring for a conduit connector.

FIG. 10 is a partial side view of a connecting tang for the spring of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a bottom view of a spring assembled within a body.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the antishort bush of FIG. 3.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an antishort bush for a conduit connector.

FIG. 14 is another perspective view of the antishort bush of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a conduit connector body.

FIG. 16 is another perspective view of the conduit connector body of FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the conduit connector body of FIG. 3.

FIG. 18 is another perspective view of the conduit connector body of FIG. 3.

FIG. 19 is a side perspective view of another embodiment of a conduit connector attached to a junction box.

FIG. 20 is a bottom perspective view of the conduit connector of FIG. 19 connected to a junction box.

FIG. 21 is an exploded, disassembled, prospective view of another embodiment of a conduit connector, conduit, and junction box.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional side view of the conduit connector of FIG. 21 connecting a conduit to a junction box.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the cross-sectional view of FIG. 22 illustrating how the connector engages with the junction box.

FIGS. 24A1-C1 are end views of exemplary embodiments of a body having different shapes.

FIGS. 24A2-C2 are perspective end views of the body embodiments of FIGS. 24A1-C1.

FIGS. 25A1-C1 are end views of exemplary embodiments of a spring having different shapes.

FIGS. 25A2-C2 are perspective end views of the spring embodiments of FIGS. 25A1-C1.

FIGS. 26A-F are exemplary embodiments of various attachments mechanisms for attaching to and/or restraining in the body.

FIGS. 27A-F are exemplary embodiments of mechanisms for connecting the body and antishort bush together.

FIGS. 28A-C are exemplary embodiments of conduit stoppers.

FIG. 29 is an exploded, disassembled, prospective view of another embodiment of a conduit connector, conduit, and junction box.

FIG. 30 is a front view of another embodiment of an antishort bush for a conduit connector.

FIG. 31 is a connecting end view of the antishort bush of FIG. 30 installed into the body and spring of FIGS. 32 and 34.

FIG. 32 is a front view of another embodiment of a spring.

FIG. 33 is a perspective top view of the spring of FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is a front view of another embodiment of a conduit connector body.

FIG. 35 is a perspective rear view of the conduit connector body of FIG. 34.

FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled conduit connector.

FIG. 37 is a perspective top view of a conduit connector, conduit, and junction box, illustrating the assembly of the conduit connector into the junction box.

FIG. 38 is a rear prospective view of another embodiment of a spring.

FIG. 39 is a rear prospective view of another embodiment of an antishort bush.

FIG. 40 is a rear prospective view of the spring of FIG. 38 and the bush of FIG. 39.

FIG. 41 is a cross sectional view of the of the spring of FIG. 38 and the bush of FIG. 39 in a body and inserted into a box.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed herein are conduit connectors capable of connecting to an enclosure, e.g., capable of connecting an electrical conduit to a junction box. The conduit connector comprises a body, a spring, and an antishort bush. The spring inserts into the body and can be held in place with the antishort bush and/or due to connection(s) with the body. During use, tangs of the spring extend into and hold the connector to a junction box, while flanges extending from the spring engage and retain a conduit in side the body.

The conduit connector answers a long felt need for an electrical connector which can be installed quickly and easily without tools and does not require access to the interior of a junction box. The electrical connector has utility, among other uses, in the connection of a conduit to an enclosure (e.g., to an electrical junction box) through an opening in the side of the box commonly referred to as a knockout. Additionally, although this connector securely engages the enclosure and is not easily dislodged due to bumping or otherwise, it can be easily removed if desired. The conduit engagement region can cooperate with a variety of conduit, cables, and other electrical conductors. Furthermore, in various embodiments, the connector is designed to be installed from the inside of the box, passing out of the box through the knockout until the body, spring, and/or bush engage the edge of the knockout. In these embodiments, the body is sized to have an outer diameter on a main body portion that is smaller than the diameter of the knockout. Optional stop protrusion(s) on the body and/or antishort bush on the spring can prevent the body from totally passing through the knockout and out of the box. Optionally, the connector can comprise a spring tang design that, once the connector has been attached to a junction box, allows the tangs to be squeezed together, thereby allowing the connector to be drawn back into the box as desired.

Referring now to the figures, which are exemplary and not intended to limit the scope hereof. It is noted that the figures are illustrated having different shapes, e.g., generally “U” or “C” shaped, oval, square, rectangular, etc. Any of the embodiments can be any shape, with each component of the connector adjusted accordingly to complement the other components in the particular shape configuration, and some embodiments include combinations of shapes.

Reference throughout the specification to “one embodiment”, “another embodiment”, “an embodiment”, and so forth, means that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, and/or characteristic) described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described herein, and may or may not be present in other embodiments. In addition, it is to be understood that the described elements may be combined in any suitable manner in the various embodiments.

FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the overall view of the conduit connector along with a conduit and a junction box. FIG. 1 provides an expanded view showing the junction box 10 located adjacent the connecting end 24 of the conduit connector 20, with a conduit 18 located adjacent the receiving end 22. From the connecting end 24 to the receiving end 22, the conduit connector 20, comprises the antishort bush 12, the spring 14, and the body 16. FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the assembled connector 20 attached to the junction box 10 and engaging the conduit 18. In these figures the conduit 18 extends into the body 16 wherein receiving tangs 42 engage the outer convolutions of the conduit 18, inhibiting the conduit 18 from being withdrawn from the body 16 through the receiving end 22. Connecting tangs 56 (also referred to as spring tangs) extend through the opening 26 in the side of the junction box 10, and engage the sides thereof, to prevent the inadvertent removal or dislodging of the conduit connector 20 from the box 10. FIGS. 4-6 provide further views of the conduit connector 20 of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 7-10 illustrate embodiments of a spring that is used to engage both the conduit 18 and the box 10. The spring 14 is so sized and configured that a main portion 40 adjacent the receiving end 24 is disposed within the body 16, when the conduit connector is assembled. The main portion 40 of the spring can be enclosed with a cavity extending therethrough or have an open side with a channel 70 extending therethrough. The overall shape is complementary to the shape of the body so as to be inserted and retained within the body 16. Some possible main portion 40 shapes include various polygonal shapes (e.g., U-shaped, rectangular, square, pentagonal, and so forth), e.g., in some embodiments, the body is not a circle or oval. For example, the body can have straight sides with rounded or non-rounded corners (joining the straight sides). Optionally, the body can comprise aperture(s) 82 adjacent to the receiving end 22, e.g., can comprise an aperture (window 82) adjacent to each corner at the receiving end. In some embodiments the main portion 40 comprises three sides. The opposing sides are arranged substantially perpendicular to the connecting side. The corners where the sides connect can be squared corners or can be rounded.

Extending inward and toward the connecting end 24 is a plurality of receiving tangs 42. The receiving tangs 42 can form a shape that will align the conduit 18 within the connector 20. For example, the tangs can form a generally V-shaped profile that will align the conduit 18 in the channel (e.g., can align the conduit 18 in the center of the connector 20). Each tang 42, can, individually, have a shape for gripping and restraining the conduit 18 and optionally for aligning the conduit 18. For example, the spring 14 can comprise 3 receiving tangs 42. The central receiving tang 44 can angle from the sides down toward the middle (e.g., to form a V-shaped end), the first side receiving tang 46 and the second side receiving tang 48 can both have diagonal ends 50, 52, respectively, that angle toward the central receiving tang 44, to attain the generally V-shaped profile (dotted line 54). Furthermore, the ends 50, 52 can have an angle that is commensurate with the angle of curvature of the conduit convolutions. Optionally, each tang 44, 46, 48 can be oriented to extend into the body at the same distance from the receiving end 22 or can extend at different distances. For example, tang 44 can extend into the channel 70 at a distance d₁ from receiving end 22, while tang 48 can extend at a different distance d₂ from receiving end 22 as is illustrated in FIG. 8, wherein the distance is from the receiving end to the point of the tang that would engage a conduit.

Extending from the main portion 40 of the spring 14 can be connector tang(s) 56, such as at least two opposing connector tangs 56. At the base of the tang 56 can be an aperture 74 configured to receive a knob on the body 16, e.g., enhancing alignment of the spring within the body 16. The connector tang(s) 56 can extend from the main portion 40 via an outward flare 72 that extends from the main body portion at an angle away from the central axis A to a spring main portion 69. Optionally, the spring main portion 69 can extend from the intersection 67 with outward flare 72 at a lesser angle from central axis A, such as parallel to central axis A. Extending through surface 66 can be an opening 65 (also referred to as aperture). Opening 65 can extend from near intersection 67 to a base of 59 of central lug 58. (See FIG. 38) Optionally, opening 65 can extend from the intersection 67 to the base 59 and can have a sufficient size to receive a protrusion 106 on a side of the antishort bush 12. (See FIG. 39)

Each connector tang 56 can have an optional center lug 58. This lug 58 can ease insertion through the opening in the box and can facilitate retention of the tangs 56 within the box, e.g., in case of external side forces. This tang extends outward from a surface 66 (e.g., main body portion) of the tang 56, while the connector lugs extend from opposite sides of the tangs 56. The lugs can be angled outward, e.g., to further enhance the engagement with the box (e.g., to prevent unintentional withdrawal from the knockout), and/or to enhance electrical grounding connection.

Each tang 56 comprises a set of side lugs 60. The side lugs 60 can optionally be angled toward the receiving end, e.g., have a negative angle, θ, e.g., to avoid disengagement of connector after applying pulling load (e.g., θ can be an angle of 0 to 25 degrees, specifically, 10 to 20 degrees, more specifically, 13 to 17 degrees). The side lugs can be angled such that the connecting tang 56 diverges from near the end 68 toward the main body 40 (e.g., the side lugs 60 can have a generally triangular shape that sweep toward the receiving end and away from the central axis A), e.g., to allow facile insertion into the box 10. Optionally, the tang 56 can converge (e.g., be angled toward the central axis A), at the end 68, e.g., also to facilitate facile insertion.

Engaging the outside of the box when the connector is attached to the junction box are the outside lugs 62. In other words, the wall 28 of the junction box 10 is engaged on an inner surface by side lugs 60 and on an outer surface by outside lugs 62; being located in the valley 64 therebetween. The valley 64 can be sized and shaped to receive a variety of junction box wall thicknesses. For example, the outside lugs 62 can also optionally comprise a negative angle Φ that allows different size walls to be readily received and securely engaged within the valley 64. Angle Φ can be an angle of 10 to 20 degrees, specifically, 13 to 17 degrees.

Located at the receiving end of the body 16 is the antishort bush 12. (See FIGS. 12-14) The antishort bush 12 is designed to connect to the body 16 at the connecting end 24, such that the connecting tangs 56 extend along the sides of the antishort bush 12. The antishort bush 12 comprises projections 90 for snap engagement with the body 16. The number of snap engagements is dependent upon the general shape of the body and of the antishort bush. For a generally square cross-sectional body shape, two or more projections 90 can be employed, with four or more generally used for secure engagement. Each projection can comprise a lip 92 configured to engage an opening 140 in the body 16 (see FIG. 16). The projection 90 can extend toward the receiving end 22 with the lip 92 extending outward at a complementary angle from the body to engage the opening 140, e.g., at an angle of 90° to the central axis A. (See FIG. 2) The foot 94 of the projection 90 can be angled so as to enable facile insertion into the body 16 and so as to facilitate flexing of the projection 90. For example, the foot 94 can have a generally conical (e.g., truncated conical) shape that narrows towards the receiving end 22. The angle of the foot can be different on different sides of the foot 94. For example a lower angle can extend from the end of the lip 92 to the bottom of the foot 94 than on another side of the foot 94.

In all embodiments, along one or more sides of the antishort bush 12 that will extend into the body 16 over the spring 14, can optionally be a restrictor 96. The restrictor 96 can extend toward the receiving end at a distance that is equal to or greater than the projections 90. When the connector 20 is assembled, the restrictor 96 can restrict movement of the spring 14 in the body 16, e.g., in one axial direction. For example, the restrictor 96 can be configured to restrict the side of the spring comprising the center lug between the restrictor 96 and a side of the body 16. Extending from the restrictor 96, in a direction away from channel 98 can optionally be rib(s) 100, e.g., to assist in orientation of the antishort bush 12 in body 16. The rib 100 can extend along axis A for all or part of the length of the restrictor 96.

At the connecting end 24 of the antishort bush 12 can be a chamfer, e.g., to allow bending of the connecting tangs 56 during insertion of the connector 20 through the opening 26.

Along the sides of the antishort bush 12 can be cavity(ies) 108 each located and configured to receive a body lug 142 (See FIGS. 15 and 16). The cavity 108 has a distance between the walls 104 that is greater than or equal to the width of the body lug 142. While the connector is entering the opening in the box, the body lug 142 comes down into the channel. The lip 106 restricts the body lug movement into the channel.

Optionally, e.g., to enhance the integrity of the assembly to avoid inadvertent disassembly, the antishort bush 12 can further comprise a protrusion 106 sized and configured to be received in an opening 65 in connecting tang 56 of spring 14. The protrusion 106 extends from a side 112. The protrusion has a base 108 that extends from the side 112 at an angle (e.g., an angle of 15° to 85°, specifically, 20° to 50°) away from the central axis A, to an outermost surface 114. Outermost surface 114 extends from a juncture with the base 108 to a top 110. The size of the protrusion as well as the geometry of top 110 are desirably configured so they do not interfere with the motion of central lug 58 so as to inhibit the connector's installation into a junction box. The a protrusion 106 can be located on opposite sides of the connector, with cavities 108 for receiving body lug 142 located on the other opposite sides of the antishort bush (e.g., so that, the protrusions 106 and cavities 108 alternate around the antishort bush).

As is illustrated in FIG. 41, the protrusions 106 can have an outer diameter (“OD”) (from the surface 114 of one protrusion 106 to the surface 114′ of another protrusion 106′ located on an opposite side of the antishort bush from the initial protrusion) that allows the insertion of the connector into the box 10, but which restricts movement in a transverse direction (e.g., in the direction of either of the arrow), and hence inhibits inadvertent disconnection from the box 10. Optionally, the outer diameter (“OD”) can be 85% to 99% (specifically, 90% to 99%, and more specifically, 90% to 95%) of the inner diameter of the opening 26 (see FIG. 1) in the box 10.

Now referring to FIGS. 15-18, the body 16 comprises a shape configured to receive the spring main portion 40 within the body cavity 146 and the antishort bush 12 at the connecting end 24 of the body 16. At the receiving end 22 of the body 16 can be body lug(s) 142 that extend along the axis A from the connecting end 24 of the body 16. The body lug(s) 142 can be designed to have a rounded or chamfer outer body 148, e.g., to facilitate insertion into the junction box. Extending from the outer surface of the body lug 142 can be crush rib(s) 150. This rib 150 can provide a tight fit with the opening 26, crushing as necessary to enable insertion of the connecting end 24 into the box 10. On the opposite side of one or more of the body lug(s) 142 can be a groove 152 oriented and designed to receive the antishort bush rib 100. In the various embodiments, two or more body lugs 142 can be provided. The optional body lug(s) can facilitate the entry of the connector into the hole in the box and/or can establish a good contact with the body to decrease the contact resistance between the box and the connector (e.g., resulting in good grounding connection).

Also located at the connecting end 24 of the body 16 can be a stop protrusion extending outward from the body 16 and configured to limit the insertion of the connector 20 into the opening 26. In addition to the stop protrusions 154, the body 16 can comprise extensions 156 that angle outward from the main body portion 158. The extensions 156 can also limit the amount (distance) that the connector 20 extends into the box 10. In many embodiments, the body comprises two extensions 156 on opposite sides, with two body lugs 142 on the other two opposing sides. The extensions 156 flare away from the main body portion 158 so as to receive the tangs 56 in their relaxed state. Therefore, the extension 156 can have a diverging area 160 that diverges at an angle complementary to the outward flare 72 of the spring 14. Within the extension 156 can be a knob 162 that has a size and shape to extend into aperture 74 of the spring 14 when the connector 20 is assembled.

The main body portion 158 can comprise grips 164 on one or more sides thereof. The grips 164 can be any combination of elements that facilitates handling (e.g., gripping) of the main body portion 158, e.g., serrations, depressions, protrusions (e.g., bumps), holes, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.

The shape of the main body portion 158 is complementary to the spring shape. The main body portion can have a cross-sectional geometry that is polygonal (e.g., square, rectangular, and so forth) and/or rounded (e.g., oval, round, and so forth), as well as combinations thereof (e.g., see FIG. 15 which illustrates substantially square with rounded corners, FIGS. 24B2 and C2 illustrating substantially oval and substantially round; and FIGS. 24A2 and 35 illustrating a substantially oval with straight sides). For example, three sides can form a U-shape (e.g., sides 166, 168, 170), with the fourth side (172) merely covering the opening (e.g., see the cross-sectional view of FIG. 11), e.g., forming a generally square shape. As can be seen, the sides can meet in a rounded corner (174, 176) or a squared corner (178, 180). The fourth side 172 can comprise guide rib(s) 144 extending adjacent to the sides 166, 170 to guide the edges 76 of the spring 14 when inserting the spring into the body 16, and to prevent the edges from bending inward, into body cavity 146. Optionally, opposing sides can have flat surface 420 (e.g., straight sides) with a rounded portion 422 (e.g., FIGS. 24A1, A2, B1, B2, 34, and 35), or rounded surface 424 (e.g., FIGS. 24C1 and C2) (e.g., that is free of a flat portion). For example, the main body can have straight sides with rounded or non-rounded corners (joining the straight sides). Optionally, one or more of the straight sides can comprise grips (e.g., ridges, texturing, or the like).

At the connecting end of the main body portion 158 are the openings 140, each sized and configured to receive one of the antishort bush projections 90. At the receiving end 22 of the body 16 can be a collar 182 that prevents the spring from being forced out of the receiving end of the body; e.g., the collar 182 can restrict the spring in one of the axial directions. Also at the receiving end of the main body portion 158 can be a slot 184 in one or more sides (e.g., in opposite sides 166, 170) and located to allow the corners 78, 80 of the spring 14 to extend through the slot 184 such that the jut 186 extends into window 82, e.g., to further secure the spring within the body.

Other mechanisms for securing the spring within the body are illustrated in FIGS. 26A-F. These mechanisms can be used alone or in combination, and can be used in the various embodiments of connectors disclosed herein. FIG. 26A illustrates the collar 182 as discussed above. Also illustrated in FIG. 26A is an end ledge 196 configured to work complementary with the antishort bush 212 to prevent the antishort bush 212 from moving further into the body and to retain the spring within the body. Here, an edge 88 of the spring contacts the inside of the body on one side and abuts the bush end 104, constraining it in place. FIG. 26B illustrates protrusion(s) 208 on the body, wherein the protrusions 208 can optionally diverge toward the receiving end 22. The spring can comprise complementary retaining slit(s) 270. When the spring is installed in the body, the protrusions 208 extend through the slit(s) 270 to further retain the spring in the body. FIG. 26C illustrates a projection 198 that extends from the body so as to snap the spring into place. FIG. 26D, as well as FIG. 11, illustrates the guide channel 192. The guide channel 192 extends along the inside of the body for receiving the edges 76 of the spring, and restricting the movement of the spring and bending of the spring ends 76. FIG. 26E illustrates complementary taper sections on the spring and the body 200, with the spring taper comprising a taper slot 84. FIG. 26F illustrates an angular channel 202 in the body formed between tongue 204 and the side 206, and extending along the length of the body a sufficient distance to allow the insertion of the spring 12, 212, 412 into the body 16, 216, 416. The spring has a channel slot 86 that is complimentary with the tongue 204.

The main body portion 158 can also optionally comprise pocket(s) 190 configured to receive lug 90/92 from the antishort bush 12, e.g., to retain the spring in the body.

The conduit connector can be formed of various materials as appropriate for the particular element. For example, the body can comprise a metal or metal alloy, such as zinc, aluminum, steel, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing (e.g., zinc alloy, aluminum alloy, and/or steel alloy). The spring can comprise a material such as steel, (e.g., spring steel and/or stainless steel), as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing. The antishort bush can be formed of a plastic, such as engineering plastics.

Optionally, the connector can comprise conduit stopper(s) to restrict the distance the conduit is inserted into the body. For example, FIG. 28A illustrates a conduit stop 344 extending from an inside surface of the body into the body cavity. The conduit stop 344 can extend at any desired angle (e.g., perpendicular, with an optional flat surface 346 configured to contact the conduit) that is capable of inhibiting the further insertion of the conduit into the body. FIG. 28B illustrates a collar protruding from the inner surface of the bush. In FIG. 28C, the bottom face 296 of the antishort bush functions as a conduit stop.

Other optional elements of the connector include a projection in the body and complementary slot in the bush to ensure proper alignment.

In use, a conduit 18 (e.g., an electrical conduit) can be inserted through the body 16 until the conduit is accessible at a connecting end 24 that will be inserted into the enclosure 10. As the conduit 18 is inserted into the body 16, the coils (peaks) 30 of the conduit 18 cause the receiving tangs 42 cantilever outward towards the walls of the body 16 and spring inward as the valleys 32 of the conduit 18 reach the ends of the receiving tangs 42. As the conduit 18 is inserted into the body 16, the center lug 58 guides the conduit into the desired location within the body.

Further examples of the conduit connector include the inside-out conduit connectors illustrated in FIGS. 21-37. These connectors can comprise any of the above described elements that do not interfere with the connector being configured to attach the connector to the junction box from the inside of the box, through the knockout to the outside of the box (e.g., the main body portion 346, 446 should have a size (e.g., an outer diameter), that is smaller than the opening diameter, so that it can pass through the knockout), and the spring should have outside lugs 462 that are also capable of passing through the knockout.

FIGS. 21-23 and 29 illustrate the overall view of the conduit connector along with a conduit and a junction box. FIGS. 21 and 29 provide an expanded view showing the junction box 10 located adjacent the connecting end 24 of the conduit connector, with a conduit 18 located adjacent the receiving end 22. From the connecting end 24 to the receiving end 22, the conduit connector 20, comprises the antishort bush 212, 412, the spring 214, 414, and the body 216, 416. FIGS. 22 and 23 illustrate the assembled connector attached to the junction box 10 and engaging the conduit 18. In these figures the conduit 18 extends into the body 216, 416 wherein receiving tangs 42 engage the outer convolutions of the conduit 18, inhibiting the conduit 18 from being withdrawn from the body 216, 416 through the receiving end 22. Connecting tangs 256 extend through the opening in the side of the junction box 10, such that center lug 480 engages the sides thereof to prevent the inadvertent dislodging of the conduit connector from the box 10 or the movement of the connector back into the box 10.

FIGS. 24A1-C1 and A2-C2, and 34-35, illustrate additional body designs that can be used alone or in combination with other body designs. In these figures is can be seen that different designs (size and shapes) of stop protrusions can be employed on the body (254) and/or the antishort bush (298), as well as different body shapes. As can be seen, the stop protrusion 254 need not extend all the way around the body. Desirably, two or more stop protrusions 254 are located near the connecting end of the body 216, 416 (and/or on the antishort bush 412 (bush stop protrusion 298)) so that, when installed in an opening in an enclosure, the entire conduit connector cannot pass through the opening. As illustrated, stop protrusions 254 on opposite sides of the body, e.g., such that the connector tangs 256, 456 can be located between the stop protrusions 254, enables the movement of the connector tangs 256, 456, such as during insertion or removal of the connector to/from the box. The body can comprise openings 340, snaps 342 that can engage a pocket 292 in the antishort bush 212, 412 to retain the antishort bush 212, 412 in the body 216, 416. The body 216, 416 and the antishort bush 212, 412 can have mating elements to facilitate facile and accurate assembly of the antishort bush 212, 412 into the body 216, 416. For example, the body can comprise a guide rib 452 (FIG. 31) and/or body groove (FIG. 16), and the antishort bush 212, 412 can have a guide groove 490 (FIG. 31) and/or bush rib (FIG. 14). The body 216, 416 can further comprise openings 340 located and configured to receive antishort busy 212, 412, snap connector(s) 294.

FIGS. 25A1-C1 and A2-C2, 32, and 33, illustrate other embodiments of possible springs. These embodiments illustrate some possible alternative shapes as well as connector tang configurations. For example, the connector tangs 256, 456 can comprise an outward flare 72 that extends from the main portion 40, away from the receiving end 22 and away from the central axis A. From the outward flare 72 can be an optional center lug portion comprising a center lug 480 cantilevered out from the center lug portion, diverging from the main body toward the connecting end 24. The center lug portion can extend parallel to, away from, or toward, the central axis A. Extending from an end of the center lug portion opposite the outward flare 72 can be an optional additional flare 492 (outward, away from the central axis) and/or an optional bend that extends toward the central axis A. Extending from the central lug portion can also be outside lugs 462. The outside lugs 462 can have a generally triangular geometry such that at least a tip 494 contacts the enclosure, and, desirably, the edge 496 extends parallel to a wall of the enclosure after the connector has been attached to the enclosure.

Other mechanisms for securing the spring within the body are illustrated in FIGS. 26A-F, 32, and 33. These mechanisms can be used alone or in combination, and can be used in the various embodiments of connectors disclosed herein. FIG. 26A illustrates the collar 182 as discussed above. Also illustrated in FIG. 26A is an end ledge 196 configured to work complementary with the antishort bush 212 to prevent the antishort bush 212 from moving further into the body and to retain the spring within the body. Here, an edge 88 of the spring contacts the inside of the body on one side and abuts the bush end 104, constraining it in place. FIG. 26B illustrates protrusion(s) 208 on the body, wherein the protrusions 208 can optionally diverge toward the receiving end 22. The spring can comprise complementary retaining slit(s) 270. When the spring is installed in the body, the protrusions 208 extend through the slit(s) 270 to further retain the spring in the body. FIG. 26C illustrates a projection 198 that extends from the body so as to snap the spring into place. FIG. 26D, as well as FIG. 11, illustrates the guide channel 192. The guide channel 192 extends along the inside of the body for receiving the edges 76 of the spring, restricting the movement of the spring and bending of the spring ends 76. FIG. 26E illustrates complementary taper sections on the spring and the body 200, with the spring taper comprising a taper slot 84. FIG. 26F illustrates an angular channel 202 in the body formed between tongue 204 and the side 206, and extending along the length of the body a sufficient distance to allow the insertion of the spring 12, 212 into the body 16, 216. The spring has a channel slot 86 that is complimentary with the tongue 204.

Other optional elements of the connector include a projection in the body and complementary slot in the bush to ensure proper alignment.

In use, a conduit 18 (e.g., an electrical conduit) can be inserted through the body 16 until the conduit is accessible at a connecting end 24 that will be inserted into the enclosure 10. As the conduit 18 is inserted into the body 16, the coils (peaks) 30 of the conduit 18 cause the receiving tangs 42 cantilever outward towards the walls of the body 16 and spring inward as the valleys 32 of the conduit 18 reaches the ends of the receiving tangs 42. As the conduit 18 is inserted into the body 16, the center lug 58 guides the conduit into the desired location within the body.

In the use of the inside-out connector (which is installed from the inside of the enclosure 10), the connector is inserted into the box. A conduit 18 (e.g., an electrical conduit) is inserted through the knockout, into the enclosure and then into the body 216 until the conduit is accessible at a connecting end 24. As the conduit 18 is inserted into the body 216, 416, the coils (peaks) 30 of the conduit 18 cause the receiving tangs 42 cantilever outward towards the walls of the body 216, 416 and spring inward as the valleys 32 of the conduit 18 reaches the ends of the receiving tangs 42. As the conduit 18 is inserted into the body 16, the optional center lug 58 can guide the conduit into the desired location within the body. Once the conduit is installed in the body, the main body portion 346, 446 is passed through the knockout until the lugs 60, 62 and stop protrusion 254 engage the edge of the knockout. As can be seen in the figures, since connector tang 256 does not pass through the knockout, it can extend outward, away from the body cavity.

As mentioned above, the elements of the various figures can be used in other embodiments so long as the connector will function as desired. Advantages of these designs include the elimination of the need for restraints such as screws and locknuts. Furthermore, with the inside-out designs, the enclosure can first be installed in a wall (with the conduit already extending into the box or later added), without the problem of the connector's profile requiring a hole larger than the size of the enclosure. Furthermore, without removing the enclosure, the connector can be removed and the conduit accessed (e.g., by squeezing the connecting tangs together and pulling the connector back into the box).

In one embodiment, the conduit connector can comprise: a body comprising a hollow center capable of receiving a conduit in a receiving end, wherein the hollow center extends from the receiving end to the connecting end; a spring disposed within the hollow center and extending out of the connecting end, wherein the spring comprises engagement tangs extending into the hollow center, toward the connection end, and spring tangs extending past the connection end and spaced apart a distance greater than or equal to an opening diameter in a junction box; and an antishort bush located in the connecting end of the body, retaining the spring in the body.

A method of using the conduit connector can comprise inserting a conduit into the channel so that the engagement tangs physically contact grooves along the outer surface of the conduit; and inserting the spring tangs into an opening (e.g., in a junction box), until the side lugs engage the inner surface of the box.

In the various embodiments, (i) each spring tang can comprise an aperture that receives a knob on the body; and/or (ii) each spring tang can comprise a center lug extending outward from a spring main portion, away from the spring and toward the receiving end; and/or (iii) each spring tang can comprise side lugs angled toward the receiving end at an angle so that, once the connector is attached to an opening, the lugs avoid disengagement after applying a pulling load (e.g., an angle toward the central a); and/or (iv) the side lugs form wings on opposite sides of each spring tang and have a shape that diverges from near an end of the spring tang toward the receiving end; and/or (v) a spring main portion can have three sides, with the spring tangs extending from two opposite sides, and the engagement tangs extend into the channel from all three sides; and/or (vi) the engagement tangs form a generally V-shaped profile that is configured to align a conduit in the channel; and/or (vii) the engagement tangs can comprise a central receiving tang that is angled from the sides into the channel and having a generally V-shaped end, and a first side receiving tang having a diagonal end that angles toward the central receiving tang and a second side receiving tang having a diagonal end angled toward the central receiving tang forming a generally V-shaped profile of the engagement tangs; and/or (viii) each engagement tang can extend into the body at a different distance than another engagement tang; and/or (ix) the antishort bush can further comprise a restrictor extending toward the receiving end, wherein the restrictor restricts movement of the spring; and/or (x) the antishort bush can comprise projections that extend toward the body and through an opening such that a foot on the projection snapfits the antishort bush onto the body; and/or (xi) near the receiving end, the body can comprise a slot such that a corner at the receiving end of the spring passes through the slot and a window near the corner engages a jut on the body; and/or (xii) the body can have a polygonal shape.

Before or after the conduit 18 is disposed within the body 16, the conduit connector 20 can be connected to the junction box 10. Connection to the box 10 comprises exerting force on the conduit connector 20 in the direction of the opening 26. As the connector tangs enter the opening 26, they pivot (cantilever), decreasing the outer diameter of the spring 14, and enabling the side lugs 60 to pass into the box 10. Once the lugs 60 have passed through the opening 26, the connector tang springs outward causing the wall 28 to be located in the valley 64, the side lugs to be located within the box 10, and the outside lugs to be located outside the box 10, thereby grasping the box opening 26 and holding the connector 20 to the box 10. If the center lug(s) 58 are present along the connector tang(s) 56, they facilitate the inward flexing of the connector tang 56 as it passes through the opening 26.

All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other (e.g., ranges of “up to 25 wt. %, or, more specifically, 5 wt. % to 20 wt. %”, is inclusive of the endpoints and all intermediate values of the ranges of “5 wt. % to 25 wt. %,” etc.). “Combination” is inclusive of blends, mixtures, alloys, reaction products, and the like. Furthermore, the terms “first,” “second,” and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms “a” and “an” and “the” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, and are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The suffix “(s)” as used herein is intended to include both the singular and the plural of the term that it modifies, thereby including one or more of that term (e.g., the film(s) includes one or more films).

While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A conduit connector, comprising: a body comprising a hollow center capable of receiving a conduit in a receiving end, wherein the hollow center extends from the receiving end to the connecting end; a spring disposed within the hollow center and extending out of the connecting end, wherein the spring comprises engagement tangs extending into the hollow center, toward the connection end, and spring tangs extending past the connection end and spaced apart a distance greater than or equal to an opening diameter in a junction box; and an antishort bush located in the connecting end of the body, retaining the spring in the body.
 2. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein each spring tang comprises an aperature that receives a knob on the body.
 3. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein each spring tang comprises a center lug extending outward from a spring main portion, away from the spring and toward the receiving end.
 4. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein a body portion of the spring is located in the body, and wherein the spring further comprises an outward flare extending from the body portion to the spring main portion, and an opening in the spring main portion, wherein a protrusion from the antishort bush extends into the opening.
 5. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein each spring tang comprises side lugs angled toward the receiving end at an angle so that, once the connector is attached to an opening, the lugs avoid disengagement after applying a pulling load.
 6. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein the side lugs form wings on opposite sides of each spring tang and have a shape that diverges from near an end of the spring tang toward the receiving end.
 7. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein a spring main portion can have three sides, with the spring tangs extending from two opposite sides, and the engagement tangs extend into the channel from all three sides.
 8. The conduit connector of claim 6, wherein the engagement tangs form a generally V-shaped profile that is configured to align a conduit in the channel.
 9. The conduit connector of claim 6, wherein the engagement tangs comprise a central receiving tang that is angled from the sides into the channel and having a generally V-shaped end, and a first side receiving tang having a diagonal ends that angles toward the central receiving tang and a second side receiving tang having a diagonal end angled toward the central receiving tang forming a generally V-shaped profile of the engagement tangs.
 10. The conduit connector of claim 6, wherein each engagement tang extends into the body at a different distance than another engagement tang.
 11. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein the antishort bush further comprises a restrictor extending toward the receiving end, wherein the restrictor restricts movement of the spring.
 12. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein the antishort bush comprises projections that extend toward the body and through an opening such that a foot on the projection snapfits the antishort bush onto the body.
 13. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein, near the receiving end, the body comprises a slot such that a corner at the receiving end of the spring passes through the slot and a window near the corner engages a jut on the body.
 14. The conduit connector of claim 1, wherein the body has a polygonal shape.
 15. A conduit connector, comprising: a body comprising a hollow center capable of receiving a conduit in a receiving end and a knob, wherein the hollow center extends from the receiving end to the connecting end; a spring disposed within the hollow center and extending out of the connecting end, wherein the spring comprises engagement tangs extend into the hollow center, toward the connection end, wherein the engagement tangs form a generally V-shaped profile that is configured to align a conduit in the channel, spring tangs comprise a center lug extending outward from a spring main portion, away from the spring and toward the receiving end, wherein the spring tangs extend past the connection end and spaced apart a distance greater than or equal to an opening diameter in a junction box, and wherein each spring tang comprises side lugs angled toward the receiving end at an angle so that, once the connector is attached to an opening, the lugs avoid disengagement after applying a pulling load; and an aperture that received the knob; an antishort bush located in the connecting end of the body, retaining the spring in the body.
 16. The conduit connector of claim 14, wherein the side lugs form wings on opposite sides of each spring tang and have a shape that diverges from near an end of the spring tang toward the receiving end.
 17. The conduit connector of claim 14, wherein a spring main portion can have three sides, with the spring tangs extending from two opposite sides, and the engagement tangs extend into the channel from all three sides.
 18. The conduit connector of claim 16, wherein the engagement tangs comprise a central receiving tang that is angled from the sides into the channel and having a generally V-shaped end, and a first side receiving tang having a diagonal ends that angles toward the central receiving tang and a second side receiving tang having a diagonal end angled toward the central receiving tang forming a generally V-shaped profile of the engagement tangs.
 19. The conduit connector of claim 16, wherein each engagement tang extends into the body at a different distance than another engagement tang.
 20. The conduit connector of claim 14, wherein antishort bush further comprises a restrictor extending toward the receiving end, wherein the restrictor restricts movement of the spring, and comprises projections that extend toward the body and through an opening such that a foot on the projection snapfits the antishort bush onto the body.
 21. The conduit connector of claim 14, wherein, near the receiving end, the body comprises a slot such that a corner at the receiving end of the spring passes through the slot and a window near the corner engages a jut on the body.
 22. A conduit connector, comprising: a body comprising a stop protrusion near a connecting end and a hollow center capable of receiving a conduit in a receiving end, wherein the hollow center extends from a receiving end to the connecting end, wherein the body has an outer diameter that is less than a junction box knockout diameter, and wherein the stop protrusion has an outer diameter that is greater than the junction box knockout diameter; a spring disposed within the hollow center and extending out of the connecting end, wherein the spring comprises engagement tangs extend into the hollow center, toward the connection end, spring tangs comprise a center lug extending outward from a spring main portion, away from the spring and toward the receiving end, wherein the spring tangs extend past the connection end and spaced apart a distance greater than or equal to an opening diameter in a junction box, and wherein each spring tang comprises side lugs angled toward the receiving end at an angle so that, once the connector is attached to an opening, the lugs avoid disengagement after applying a pulling load; and an antishort bush located in the connecting end of the body, retaining the spring in the body.
 23. A method for installing a conduit connector in a junction box, comprising: inserting a conduit through a knockout into a junction box; inserting the conduit into the receiving end of a body of the conduit connector up to a conduit stop and engaging the conduit with engagement tangs; and passing a main body portion of the body through the knockout until a stop protrusion on the body contacts an inner surface of the junction box and/or spring tangs extending from a connecting end of the body engage the knockout. 